Unit 7 (Citizenship) - Grammar : Reported
Speech
=> Direct speech: “ I am revising my lessons here “
Dave said
=> Reported Speech: Dave said that he was revising his
lessons there.
Note : If the reporting verb is in
the present simple, present perfect, or future simple then we report the
sentence as it is. we make no changes. Ex: “they will move from here next
week “ =>He says/is saying /will say that they will move from here next
week.
But if the reporting verb is in simple past
then certain changes are necessary. These changes affect:
Verbs - Pronouns ( I, you …. My,
your …., mine, their …..) - Time indications ( yesterday, tomorrow, now, next
……) Place indications ( here, there, this place …..)
|
Direct
speech |
Reported
Speech |
|
present Simple "I like ice cream." |
past simple He said that he liked ice cream. |
|
Present continuous I am learning English now. |
Past continuous He said that he was learning English
then. |
|
Present perfect "I haven't eaten my breakfast." |
Past perfect He said that he hadn’t eaten his
breakfast. |
|
Past simple I went to school. |
Past perfect He said that he had gone to
school. |
|
Past simple continuous "I was watching a movie
yesterday. |
Past perfect continuous He said that he had been watching
a movie the day before. |
|
Past perfect "I had taken English lessons
before." |
Past perfect He said that he had taken English
lessons before." |
|
Future simple : will / shall +
infinitive "I will come next week." |
Would / should+ infinitive She said that she would / should come
the following week. |
|
Reporting
modal verbs |
|
|
Direct
speech |
Reported
Speech |
|
can / may / must / have to / should / could / would might / + infinitive |
Could / might / had to / had to /
should / could / would/ might + infinitive |
|
"I can speak English." "I must study for the
exam." |
She said that she could speak
English. She said that she had to study for
the exam. |
|
Reported
Speech with the imperative (commands) |
|
|
Direct
speech |
Reported
Speech |
|
Imperative - "Go to bed!" - "Don't smoke!" |
to + verb / not to + verb - He told me to go to bed. - He told me not to smoke |
|
Reported
Speech with questions |
|
|
Direct
speech |
Reported
Speech (Notice: – the
question mark is omitted. |
|
"Where
is the post office, please?" |
She
asked me where the post office was. |
|
"What
are you doing?" |
She
asked me where the post office was. |
|
"Are
you listening to me?" |
She
asked me if I was listening to her. |
|
will you
participate in the ceremony?” Kamal asked me |
he
wondered if /whether if /whether I would participate in the ceremony. |
|
Reporting
Adverbials
of time and place |
Direct
Speech |
today |
now |
yesterday |
.. days
ago |
last
week |
next
year |
tomorrow |
here |
this |
these |
|
Reported
Speech |
that day |
then |
the day
before |
… days
before |
the week
before |
the
following year |
the
following day |
there |
that |
those |
|
Pronouns |
Direct Speech |
I |
we |
my |
our |
|
Reported Speech |
He/she |
they |
His/her |
their |
A/ Practice 1
Rewrite the following sentences as
suggested :
1- "It is raining in London
now".
The weatherman said
_____________________________________________________________
2- "I saw a great movie last week".
Loubna said
_________________________________________________________________________
3-"We have lived in Rabat for
three years".
Anas and Nada said
_________________________________________________________________
4-"I will continue my education
in Canada".
Najat told her classmates
_____________________________________________________________
5-"Mark will marry next
summer".
Jack told his friends ____________________________________________________________
6-"Jenny can't come to our
party".
Pierre told his wife
_______________________________________________________________
7-"I met one of my old friends
at the beach last summer".
Hamid said
_________________________________________________________________________
8-"You must do the exercises on
page 9".
Mr.Brown told his
students_____________________________________________________________
9-"My father went to Paris last
month".
Imane said
_________________________________________________________________________
10-"I'm not feeling well".
David said
_________________________________________________________________________
B/ Practice 2 - Rewrite the
following sentences as suggested :
1- "Drive slowly."
Mr.John told his son
_______________________________________________________________
2- "Don't forget to buy some
apples".
The woman told her husband__________________________________________________________
3-"Please help me with the
homework"
Youness asked his sister
_____________________________________________________________
4- "Don't be late for the
meeting"
The manager reminded the workers
__________________________________________________
5-"Watch out!"
The sign warned the drivers ____________________________________________________________
6."Don't waste your money,” she
said.
She told the boys_______________________________________________________________
7. "You should revise your
lessons," he said.
He advised the students ______________________________________________________________________
C/ Practice 3
Complete the sentences with the
reported speech.
1- "Do you like soccer?"
He asked me.
He asked me
……………………………………………………………………………………
2."What have you decided to
do?" she asked him.
She asked him ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- “Where are you from? He asked Tom
He asked Tom ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Did you finish your exercise?”
The teacher asked his students
The teacher asked his students ………………………………………………………………………..
5- Would you like to come with us?”
They asked me
They asked me …………………………………………………………………………………
1- “I will move to another town ”
Nadia said. ----Nadia told her neighbor that she would move to another town.
2- “I have to be at the airport before 6 a.m.,” Richard said.
Richard said that he had to be at the airport before 6 a.m
3- "Don't make a lot of noise when you are playing"
he told me He told me NOT TO make a lot of noise when I was playing
4- "Don't worry, I will pay you back on Saturday" Rita said.
Rita
told me NOT TO worry, she would pay me
back on Saturday